Geometry and trigonometry are branches of mathematics concerned with geometrical figures and angles of triangles. The following list documents some of the most notable symbols in these topics, along with each symbol’s usage and meaning.
For readability purpose, these symbols are categorized by their function into tables. Other comprehensive lists of math symbols — as categorized by subject and type — can be also found in the relevant pages below (or in the navigational panel).
In geometry, points and lines form the foundation of more complex geometrical figures such as triangles, circles, quadrilaterals and polygons. The following table documents some of the most notable symbols related to these — along with each symbol’s meaning and example.
Table of symbols in geometry:
Symbol | Symbol Name | Meaning / definition | Example |
---|---|---|---|
∠ | angle | formed by two rays | ∠ABC = 30° |
measured angle | ABC = 30° | ||
spherical angle | AOB = 30° | ||
∟ | right angle | = 90° | α = 90° |
° | degree | 1 turn = 360° | α = 60° |
deg | degree | 1 turn = 360deg | α = 60deg |
′ | prime | arcminute, 1° = 60′ | α = 60°59′ |
″ | double prime | arcsecond, 1′ = 60″ | α = 60°59′59″ |
line | infinite line | ||
AB | line segment | line from point A to point B | |
ray | line that start from point A | ||
arc | arc from point A to point B | = 60° | |
⊥ | perpendicular | perpendicular lines (90° angle) | AC ⊥ BC |
∥ | parallel | parallel lines | AB ∥ CD |
≅ | congruent to | equivalence of geometric shapes and size | ∆ABC ≅ ∆XYZ |
~ | similarity | same shapes, not same size | ∆ABC ~ ∆XYZ |
Δ | triangle | triangle shape | ΔABC ≅ ΔBCD |
|x-y| | distance | distance between points x and y | | x-y | = 5 |
π | pi constant |
π = 3.141592654...
is the ratio between the circumference and diameter of a circle |
c = π⋅d = 2⋅π⋅r |
rad | radians | radians angle unit | 360° = 2π rad |
c | radians | radians angle unit | 360° = 2π c |
grad | gradians / gons | grads angle unit | 360° = 400 grad |
g | gradians / gons | grads angle unit | 360° = 400 g |
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